Interpretation of the five types of new energy automotive batteries

First, the lead-acid batteries

Lead-acid batteries as a relatively mature technology, because of its lower cost, but also to high rate discharge, is still the only available mass-produced electric car battery. Beijing Olympic Games, 20 the use of lead-acid battery electric vehicles, for the Olympics

Will provide transport services.

Electric vehicle lead-acid battery specific energy, specific power and energy density is very low, as a power source (600,405, stock it) (600,405, stock it) can not have good speed and mileage.

Two nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel metal hydride batteries

Although the performance is better than the lead-acid batteries, but contain heavy metals, the environmental pollution caused by use of abandoned.

Nickel-hydrogen battery has just entered the mature stage, the hybrid vehicle battery system the only practical validation and commercialization of large-scale battery systems, existing hybrid battery market share of 99% for nickel-hydrogen batteries, commercial

Industry representatives of the Toyota Prius. The world's leading automotive battery manufacturers PEVE and Sanyo of Japan, PEVE occupy the Global Hybrid-powered cars use nickel-metal hydride battery market share of 85%, the main commercial hybrid

Car such as the Toyota Prius, Alphard and the Estima and Honda Civic, Insight, etc. using PEVE nickel hydrogen battery pack. In China, Chang'an Jie Xun, Chery A5, FAW Pentium General Grand Hyatt and other brand cars in the demonstration

Run, they are also used in nickel-metal hydride batteries, but batteries are purchased from abroad, domestic nickel-metal hydride battery in the car is still in R & D matching stage.

Third, the lithium battery

The traditional lead-acid batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries and nickel-metal hydride battery technology itself is relatively mature, but they are used in car batteries as a power, there is a big problem. At present, more and more car manufacturers to choose lithium batteries as a new energy vehicles

Battery.

Lithium-ion battery has the following advantages: high operating voltage (nickel-cadmium batteries hydrogen - nickel battery 3 times); energy (up to 165WH/kg Ni-MH battery 3 times); small size, light; quality ; long cycle life; self-discharge rate is low; no memory effect

; Non-polluting.

Many well-known car manufacturers are committed to the development of power lithium battery car production, such as the United States Ford, Chrysler, Toyota, Japan, Mitsubishi, and Japan, South Korea's Hyundai, France Courreges, Ventury. While the domestic car manufacturers Shakespeare

Di (002,594, stock it), Geely, Chery, Lifan, ZTE and other car firms also have their own hybrid and pure electric vehicles powered by lithium batteries.

The bottleneck impeding the development of lithium-ion battery: safety performance, and vehicle power battery management system. Safety performance, lithium-ion battery energy density, high operating temperature, and poor working conditions and other aspects of the original

, Plus the people-centered security concept, therefore, the safety of the battery proposed a very high demand. Vehicle power battery management systems, electric vehicle power battery voltage is 12V or 24V single power lithium-ion

Pool operating voltage is 3.7V, and therefore must be performed by multiple cells in series to increase voltage, but because the battery is difficult to achieve completely homogeneous charge and discharge, thus leading to a single battery charge and discharge unbalanced series battery pack status of battery

There will be insufficient charging and over-discharge phenomenon, and this situation can lead to a sharp deterioration in battery performance, eventually leading to a whole battery does not work, or even scrapped, thus significantly affect battery life and reliability.

Fourth, the lithium iron phosphate batteries

Iron phosphate lithium battery is a lithium battery, its energy less than half of the cobalt acid lithium, but it is safe, can reach 20 times the number of cycles, the discharge stability, cheap, to become the new choice of vehicle power.

BYD's "iron battery", the industry believes that the possibility of the lithium iron phosphate.

Fifth, the fuel cell

Simply put, the fuel cell (Fuel Cell) is a fuel and oxidizer in the chemical energy directly into electrical energy generating device. The fuel and air are fed into fuel cells, electricity was wonderful production. It is from the outside,

Positive and negative electrodes and electrolytes, like a battery, but in fact it can not "electricity storage" but a "power plants".

The most promise for the car is a proton exchange membrane fuel cells. It works is: hydrogen will be sent to the anode, the role of the catalyst (platinum), the hydrogen atoms in the two electrons are separated, the two electrons in the cathode attracted by the external

Circuit to generate electricity, to lose electrons and hydrogen ions (protons) through the proton exchange membrane (solid electrolyte), the re-combination of the water in the cathode and oxygen atoms and electrons. Oxygen from the air, as long as continue to supply hydrogen to the anode, and timely
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Water (steam) away, the fuel cell can continue to provide electricity.

Because the fuel cell directly to the chemical energy of fuel converted to electricity, in the middle after the combustion process, thus not subject to the limitations of the Carnot cycle. Electrical energy conversion efficiency of the fuel of the fuel cell system - 45 percent to 60 percent, while the thermal power and nuclear power

Efficiency of about 30% to 40%.