Also provides a ferrite nucleation activation energy.

Without loss of toughness of Nb can improve the strength of the case. Tests showed that 0.02% of Nb can improve the strength and toughness is not reduced. Some studies that, Ti, Nb micro-alloyed composite, add the Nb part of the solution in the austenitic matrix suppression Albright

Body grain growth; the same time, compound states formed during solidification of Nb can reduce the coarse carbonitride Ti-rich compounds,increasing the volume fraction of pinning particles; it may be the formation of (Ti, Nb) N particles in the melting point lower , so that the second phase particles in the ratio

Solidus temperature of lower precipitation, but with a higher coarsening temperature, which has a much smaller size.
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Mn is a useful element to prevent hot cracking. Studies have found that, Mn presence improved the distribution of sulfur, low melting compounds like the film to change the spherical FeS and FeS form a replacement MnS, thereby reducing the number of low melting sulfides; and

Ti also formed during welding high melting point of sulfur compounds, improves the crack resistance of the weld.

Appropriate amount of Al can improve the HAZ toughness at low temperature, as well as researchers found that adding Ti steel at the same time more effective. With the addition of Al, steel, reduce the number of islands in the MA, the average length decreased, and the MA in the amount of residual austenite increases, thereby enhancing the HAZ

Toughness. After adding Ti, HAZ in a considerable number of TiN particles, and precipitation of MnS particles attached to the phenomenon of TiN.

Mo can effectively reduce the Bs temperature. ULCB Steel Mo and B work together to make significant ferrite line right, makes a wide range of cooling rates to obtain complete bainite. Thus, in the larger energy range of the line, HAZ organization

No change, so as to maintain a good toughness. When Mo is increased, the strength of steel has improved significantly. In addition, Mo and Mn can increase the Nb (CN) solubility in austenite, thereby reducing   the TMCP process of reheating temperature, rolling temperature and the final recrystallization

Only the temperature.

Ni is the ability to increase the toughness of the base metal and HAZ toughness deteriorated rather than improving and strengthening the elements, with the addition of Ni, strength and toughness are improved. Especially in the age strengthening ULCB ε-Cu steel, 0.5 to 2 times the Ni to prevent the thermal brittleness of copper,